Brain tumors are among the most complex conditions affecting the human body, encompassing a wide range of diseases that can impact anyone at any age. The brain, being the command center for all bodily functions, means that a tumor within it can have significant and far-reaching effects.
A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of brain tumors: primary and secondary. Primary brain tumors originate in the brain itself or in tissues close to it, such as in the brain-covering membranes (meninges), cranial nerves, pituitary gland, or pineal gland. Secondary (or metastatic) brain tumors result from cancer that starts elsewhere in the body and then spreads to the brain.
Brain tumors are further classified into benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) types. Benign brain tumors grow slowly and are less likely to return after treatment. However, their location can cause serious health problems. On the other hand, malignant brain tumors can grow rapidly and aggressively, posing a significant challenge to treat.
Gliomas, which arise from glial cells. They are categorized into astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastomas, among others.
Meningiomas, which develop in the meninges. Pituitary adenomas, which start in the pituitary gland.
Schwannomas, affecting the cranial nerves, most commonly the vestibular nerve.
While the exact cause of brain tumors is largely unknown, several factors may increase the risk of developing one. These include:
Genetic Disorders: Certain inherited conditions like neurofibromatosis, von Hippel-Lindau disease, and Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Exposure to Radiation: People exposed to high doses of radiation, such as survivors of atomic bombs or patients who have undergone radiation therapy.
Family History: Having a family history of brain tumors or genetic syndromes that increase the risk of brain tumors.
Symptoms of a brain tumor vary depending on the tumor’s size, type, and location. Common signs and symptoms may include:
Diagnosing a brain tumor usually involves neurological exams, imaging tests (such as MRI or CT scans), and sometimes a biopsy to determine the type of tumor. Treatment options vary widely based on the tumor's type, size, location, and the patient's overall health. They may include:
Surgery: To remove as much of the tumor as possible.
Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy beams to kill tumor cells. Chemotherapy: Utilizes drugs to kill cancer cells.
Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific abnormalities within cancer cells.
Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s natural defenses to fight the cancer.
Brain tumors are a serious health condition that requires prompt and appropriate medical care. Understanding the types, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for anyone affected by this disease. For comprehensive brain tumor treatment in India, American Oncology Institute is recognized as the top multi-disciplinary oncology hospital known for its expertise and advanced care.
