When it comes to health, understanding your body is crucial. For men, knowing the normal changes in your testicles and how to differentiate them from potential signs of testicular cancer can be a lifesaver. Testicular cancer is highly treatable if detected early, but distinguishing between normal variations and warning signs can sometimes be confusing.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer among males aged 15 to 35, but it can affect men of any age. According to a study, approximately 1 in 250 men will develop testicular cancer in their lifetime. Fortunately, the prognosis is excellent when caught early, with a survival rate of over 95%. However, many men delay seeking medical advice due to uncertainty or embarrassment. By learning how to identify normal changes versus potential red flags, you empower yourself to act quickly and confidently if needed.
To distinguish between normal and concerning changes, it's important to first understand what falls within the range of normal for testicles.
Several non-cancerous conditions can cause testicular changes, including:
These may feel unusual but are usually harmless. A doctor can perform an exam and confirm a diagnosis.
Determine the Difference Between Cancer and Normal Testicular Changes If you see a change in the size of your testicles or a lump, you should speak with your doctor. While the majority of scrotal tumours are not cancer, some can be dangerous. Knowing what’s normal isn’t enough—you also need to recognize when something might be wrong. The following could indicate testicular cancer or other health issues and should prompt a visit to your doctor.
A Hard Lump
Unlike the soft tissue of the epididymis, cancerous lumps are often hard, painless, and located directly on or inside the testicle. They might feel pea-sized at first and grow over time.
Enlargement or Shrinkage of a Testicle
Any noticeable change in the size or firmness of one testicle, without an obvious cause like activity or injury, could be concerning.
Unexplained Pain or Ache
Persistent dull aches in the lower abdomen, groin, or scrotum—even without clear swelling—might be a symptom of testicular cancer.
Heaviness in the Scrotum
Some men report a feeling of unusual heaviness or dragging in the scrotum as an early symptom.
Swelling Without Pain
Unexplained swelling or fluid buildup in one side of the scrotum could be a sign of a tumor or other abnormal growth.
Changes in Hormones
On rare occasions, testicular cancer produces hormones that cause changes like breast tenderness, enlargement, or unexplained low sex drive.
Back Pain or Swollen Lymph Nodes
Advanced testicular cancer may cause back pain or spread to lymph nodes around the abdomen. Early detection significantly reduces this risk.
Performing a monthly testicular self-exam is an essential part of recognizing changes and spotting potential issues early. Here’s how:
Pick the Right Time
The best time to perform a testicular self-exam is after a warm shower or bath when the scrotum is relaxed and testicles are easier to examine.
Feel Gently
Use both hands to hold each testicle gently, rolling it between your fingers and thumb. You’re checking for unusual lumps, firmness, or changes in size and texture.
Check One At a Time
Examine each testicle separately, comparing what you feel to the last time you checked. Remember, minor asymmetry in size or position is normal.
Study the Epididymis
Familiarize yourself with the epididymis—the soft, coiled tube across the back of each testicle—so you can distinguish it from abnormal lumps later.
Know When to Act
If you notice any hard lumps, swelling, or persistent discomfort, schedule an appointment with your doctor immediately.
If you spot something unusual during a testicular self-exam, stay calm but act quickly. Most testicular changes are harmless, but it’s critical to consult a healthcare provider to rule out serious issues or confirm a diagnosis. Tests your doctor might perform include:
Beyond self-exams and doctor checkups, there are additional measures you can take to maintain your testicular health:
Distinguish Between Cancer and Normal Testicular Changes If you observe a lump or a change in the size of your testicles, you should speak with your physician. Some scrotal tumours can be dangerous, although the majority are not cancer. Your body is your best ally in safeguarding your health, and being proactive can make all the difference. By regularly performing self-exams, staying informed, and consulting your doctor when something seems off, you can take control of your testicular health. Remember, early detection is key when it comes to testicular cancer.
