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Overview

Bone marrow transplant

Overview

Bone marrow transplant

AOI > Centres of Excellence > Bone Marrow Transplant > Overview

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    About Bone Marrow Transplant

    Bone marrow transplant or BMT is a treatment that’s performed when the damaged bone marrow needs to be replaced with a healthy one. The damage usually occurs because of chronic infections, diseases such as leukemia, aplastic anaemia, and lymphoma, etc., or due to chemotherapy.

    The procedure involves transplanting ‘blood stem cells’ into the bone marrow, allowing for the production of new blood cells and new marrow thereby replacing the cells that have been either damaged or destroyed.

    At AOI, the best hospital for bone marrow transplant in India, we have a team of experts who have practiced at top cancer centers around the world to offer advanced treatments and cancer care.

    What is Bone Marrow?

    Bone marrow is tissue which is present inside our bones. It can be characterized as ‘fat’ and ‘spongy’. It is responsible for the creation of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and hematopoietic stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells are immature stem cells which form blood throughout the lifespan of an individual. These cells either remain stem cells or mature into different blood cells (red, white or platelet).

    What is Bone Marrow Transplant?

    In simple terms, a bone marrow transplant is a medicinal treatment that replaces diseased or destroyed bone marrow with the healthy cells. The replacement cells used for transplant are either extracted from your own body or from a matched donor.

    Also called as stem cell transplant, the procedure is used to treat certain types of cancer, such as leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma, and other blood and immune system diseases that affect the bone marrow.

    The two main types of bone marrow transplant include:

    Allogenic transplant: This is the procedure when the stem cells are donated from an individual, who is a close genetic match. A donor, in this case, could be a sibling or an immediate relative. However, in some cases, the matched donor could be someone outside the family too.

    Autologous transplant: During this procedure, patient’s own stem cells are used in the transplant process. The process involves harvesting the stem cells before chemotherapy or radiation. After the chemotherapy/radiation is completed, the cells are re-introduced into the body.

    How bone marrow transplant can help in treatment of cancer?

    One of the main objectives of a bone marrow transplant is to treat cancer. In this respect, an allogenic transplant is considered to be far more effective than an autologous stem cell transplant, as donated cells kill cancer cells quicker, preserving the bone marrow and allowing stem cells to form healthy blood cells.

    This is known as ‘graft-versus-cancer’ or the ‘graft-versus-leukemia’ effect. The donated cells here are the ‘graft’.

    ‘Engraftment’ is the process by which these stem cells enter the body into the bone marrow and begin to produce healthy blood cells. It is a long process and it takes a few weeks for the blood cells to return to the normal levels.

    At American Oncology Institute, the best BMT hospital in India, we have a specialized team who comes with years of experience in this field.

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