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Some of the risk factors for penile cancer are:

  • Underlying medical conditions: Certain underlying medical conditions increase the risk of penile cancer. These include human papillomavirus and HIV infection, phimosis, and lichen sclerosis.
  • Tobacco use: Chewing tobacco and smoking increases the risk of penile cancer.
  • Unsafe sex practices: Unsafe sexual practices, such as sexual intercourse without condoms, increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
  • Poor hygiene: Poor hygiene, such as not maintaining penile hygiene, may result in inflammation and irritation. It increases the risk of penile cancer.
  • PUVA treatment: Using psoralen and ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for treating psoriasis increases the risk of penile cancer.