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Some of the risk factors associated with anal cancer are:

  • Advanced age, as anal cancer generally occurs in people above the age of 50 years
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Excessive smoking
  • Engagement in anal sex
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
  • History of certain cancers, such as vulvar, cervical, and vaginal
  • Compromised immune system either due to diseases, such as HIV or due to the administration of immunosuppressant drugs after an organ transplant
  • Chronic inflammation in the anal region due to conditions such as anal fistula or open wounds