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Some of the risk factors for esophageal cancer are:

  • Age: The risk of esophageal cancer increases with age.
  • Gender: Men are at an increased risk of esophageal cancer than women.
  • Underlying medical conditions: Several underlying medical conditions increase the risk of esophageal cancer. These include esophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, achalasia, obesity, bile reflux disease, tylosis, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, esophageal injury, and human papillomavirus.
  • Lifestyle habits: Poor lifestyle habits also increase the risk of esophageal cancer. It includes physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, and smoking and alcohol consumption.
  • History of other cancers: Medical history of cancers, such as throat cancer, mouth cancer, and lung cancer, increases the risk of esophageal cancer.