Surgery: Surgery is an important treatment intervention for the management of osteosarcoma and can alone treat bone cancer that is limited to the bone. The surgery aims to remove all the cancer of the bone, as partial removal may result in recurrence. Oncosurgeons performed wedge resection to minimize the risk of recurrence. The technique involves removing the bone tumor through wedge-shaped dissection, which also removes surrounding healthy tissues. The surgery may be of two types:
Limb salvage surgery: Limb salvage surgery aims to remove the complete tumor from the limbs and keep the anatomical and functional capacity of the limbs intact. The outcomes are significantly improved if the experienced surgeon performs the limb salvage surgery.
Amputation: Amputation may be performed if limb salvage surgery is not possible in the patient because the tumor is very large and has spread to the blood vessels and nerves.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is used when cancer spreads to other body parts. Chemotherapy is generally combined with surgery or radiation therapy to improve outcomes. It also reduces the risk of cancer recurrence by killing the cancer cells spread to different body parts.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy involves using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. The radiation therapy may be performed through external beam radiation therapy. In this procedure, a radiation beam is guided on the tumor from the machine outside the body.
Targeted therapy: The therapy is used in advanced osteosarcoma when the patients do not respond to conventional treatment. The therapy may be used in combination with the current treatment. Targeted therapy inhibits the essential proteins for cancer cell growth, division, and spread. Targeted therapy has fewer side effects (damage to normal cells) than chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Cryosurgery: This procedure involves using liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells.
Rotationplasty: This surgery is generally conducted in children. In this procedure, the surgeon removes the knee joint along with cancer and the surrounding tissues. The oncosurgeon then rotates the ankle and the foot so that the ankle functions as the knee.
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